1. Some classic big ideas on journalism, media, and ideas in public life

Lippmann, Walter. 1997. Public Opinion. New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A: Transaction Publishers.*

Carey, James W. 1988. Communication as Culture : Essays on Media and Society. New York ; London: Routledge. (Especially the chapter “A Cultural Approach to Communication”)

Darnton, R. (1975). Writing news and telling stories. Daedalus, 104(2), 175-194.

Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. 1979. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press.

Frankfurt, Harry G. 2005. On Bullshit. Princeton, NJ ; Oxford: Princeton University Press.

Zelizer, B. (1993). Journalists as interpretive communities. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 10(3), 219-237.

2. What is journalism and news?

Rusbridger, A. (2018). Breaking news: The remaking of journalism and why it matters now. London: Canon Gate.*

Deuze, M. (2005). What is journalism? Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered. Journalism, 6(4), 442-464. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884905056815*

Hanitzsch, T. et al. (2011). Mapping journalism cultures across nations. Journalism Studies, 12(3), 273-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2010.512502

Harcup, T., & O’Neill, D. (2001). What Is news? Galtung and Ruge revisited. Journalism Studies, 2(2), 261-80.

Kovach, Bill, and Tom Rosenthiel. 2014. The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect. New York: Three Rivers Press.

Rosen, Jay. 2006. “The People Formerly Known as the Audience.” PressThink (blog). 2006. http://archive.pressthink.org/2006/06/27/ppl_frmr.html.

3. Audience behaviour

Newman, Nic, Richard Fletcher, Antonis Kalogeropoulos, David A. L Levy, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. 2018. “Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018.” Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. http://www.digitalnewsreport.org/.*

Berelson, B. (1949). What ‘missing the newspaper’ means. In P. F. Lazarsfeld & F. N. Stanton (Eds.), Communication Research 1948-1949 (pp. 111–129). New York: Harper.

Palmer, R. (2017). Becoming the news: How ordinary people respond to the media spotlight. Columbia University Press.

Webster, J. G. (2014). The Marketplace of Attention: How Audiences Take Shape in a Digital Age. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

4. Trust and the news media

O’Neill, Onora. 2002. A Question of Trust. Reith Lectures ; 2002. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Also available at https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/reith2002/lectures.shtml)*

Hanitzsch, T., Van Dalen, A., & Steindl, N. (2017). Caught in the nexus: A comparative and longitudinal analysis of public trust in the press. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217740695

Ladd, Jonathan M. 2012. Why Americans Hate the Media and How It Matters. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

5. Inequality and polarisation in news use

Prior, Markus. 2005. “News vs. Entertainment: How Increasing Media Choice Widens Gaps in Political Knowledge and Turnout.” American Journal of Political Science 49 (3): 577–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00143.x.*

Stroud, Natalie Jomini. 2007. “Media Use and Political Predispositions: Revisiting the Concept of Selective Exposure.” Political Behavior 30 (3): 341–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-007-9050-9.

Schlozman, Kay Lehman, Sidney Verba, and Henry E. Brady. 2010. “Weapon of the Strong? Participatory Inequality and the Internet.” Perspectives on Politics 8 (02): 487–509. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592710001210.

6. Framing and media effects

CommGap. 2012. “Media Effects”. World Bank Communication for Governance Accountability Program. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTGOVACC/Resources/MediaEffectsweb.pdf (short overview, see Valkenburg et al below for a more comprehensive overview).*

Entman, Robert M. 1993. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43 (4): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x.

Carpini, M. D. (2004). Mediating democratic engagement: The impact of communications on citizens’ involvement in political and civic life. In L. L. Kaid (Ed.), The handbook of political communication research (pp. 357-394). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Valkenburg, Patti M., Jochen Peter, and Joseph B. Walther. 2016. “Media Effects: Theory and Research.” Annual Review of Psychology 67 (1): 315–38. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033608.

7. Relations between reporters and officials

Bennett, W. Lance. 1990. “Toward a Theory of Press-State Relations in the United States.” The Journal of Communication 40 (2): 103–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1990.tb02265.x.*

Ciboh, Rodney. 2017. “Journalists and Political Sources in Nigeria: Between Information Subsidies and Political Pressures.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 22 (2): 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161216681164.

Cook, Timothy. 2005. Governing with the News. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press.

Cushion, Stephen, Justin Lewis, and Robert Callaghan. 2017. “Data Journalism, Impartiality And Statistical Claims.” Journalism Practice 11 (10): 1198–1215. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1256789.

8. News, race, and recognition

Lamont, M. (2018). Addressing recognition gaps: Destigmatization and the reduction of inequality. American Sociological Review, 83(3), 419-444. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0003122418773775*

Robinson, S., & Culver, K. B. (2016). When white reporters cover race: News media, objectivity and community (dis)trust. Journalism, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1464884916663599.

Dijk, Teun A. van. 1991. Racism and the Press. London: Routledge.

9. Women and journalism

Franks, Suzanne. 2013. Women and Journalism. London: I.B.Tauris.*

Tuchman, G. (1997). The symbolic annihilation of women by the mass media. In O. Boyd-Barrett & C. Newbold (Eds.), Approaches to media: A reader (pp. 406-410). London: St. Martin’s Press.

Usher, Nikki, Jesse Holcomb, and Justin Littman. 2018. “Twitter Makes It Worse: Political Journalists, Gendered Echo Chambers, and the Amplification of Gender Bias.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23 (3): 324–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218781254.

10. Business of news

Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis. Forthcoming. “The Changing Economic Contexts of Journalism.” In Handbook of Journalism Studies, edited by Thomas Hanitzsch and Karin Wahl-Jorgensen. https://rasmuskleisnielsen.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/nielsen-the-changing-economic-contexts-of-journalism-v2.pdf.*

Hamilton, J. T. (2004). All the News That’s Fit to Sell: How the Market Transforms Information into News. Princeton: Princeton University Press

Schiffrin, Anya (ed.). 2017. In In the Service of Power: Media Capture and the Threat to Democracy. Washington D.C.: Center for International Media Assistance. https://www.cima.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Capture4_Media-Capture-in-the-Digital-Age.pdf.

Cornia, A., Sehl, A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2018). ‘We no longer live in a time of separation’: A comparative analysis of how editorial and commercial integration became a norm. Journalism, https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918779919

11. Innovation in the media

Küng, Lucy. 2015. Innovators in Digital News. RISJ Challenges. London: Tauris.*

Anderson, C. W., Emily Bell, and Clay Shirky. 2012. “Post-Industrial Journalism: Adapting to the Present.” New York: Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia Journalism School. http://towcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/TOWCenter-Post_Industrial_Journalism.pdf.

Boczkowski, Pablo J. 2004. Digitizing the News: Innovation in Online Newspapers. Inside Technology. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.

Creech, B., & Nadler, A. M. (2018). Post-industrial fog: Reconsidering innovation in visions of journalism’s future. Journalism, 19(2), 182-199. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1464884916689573

12. Platform companies and news media

Bell, Emily J., Taylor Owen, Peter D. Brown, Codi Hauka, and Nushin Rashidian. 2017. “The Platform Press: How Silicon Valley Reengineered Journalism.” https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:15dv41ns27.*

Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis, and Sarah Anne Ganter. 2017. “Dealing with Digital Intermediaries: A Case Study of the Relations between Publishers and Platforms.” New Media & Society, April, 1461444817701318. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817701318.

Parker, Geoffrey, Marshall Van Alstyne, and Sangeet Paul Choudary. 2016. Platform Revolution: How Networked Markets Are Transforming the Economy – and How to Make Them Work for You. New York: WWNorton and Company.

13. Digital media and technology

Dijck, José van. 2013. The Culture of Connectivity : A Critical History of Social Media. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.*

Borgesius, Frederik J. Zuiderveen, Damian Trilling, Judith Möller, Balázs Bodó, Claes H. de Vreese, and Natali Helberger. 2016. “Should We Worry about Filter Bubbles?” Internet Policy Review, March. https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/should-we-worry-about-filter-bubbles.

Marwick, Alice E., and Danah Boyd. 2011. “I Tweet Honestly, I Tweet Passionately: Twitter Users, Context Collapse, and the Imagined Audience.” New Media & Society 13 (1): 114–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810365313.

Lewis, S. C. (2012). The tension between professional control and open participation: Journalism and its boundaries. Information, Communication & Society, 15(6), 836-866. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.674150

14. Disinformation

Wardle, Claire, and Hossein Derakhshan. 2017. Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making. Report to the Council of Europe. https://shorensteincenter. org/information-disorder-framework-for-research-and-policymaking.*

Guess, Andrew, Brendan Nyhan, and Jason Reifler. 2017. “Fact-Checking and Fake News in Election 2016.” In American Political Science Association Annual Meeting. http://tinyurl.com/n8jzuaj.

Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis, and Lucas Graves. 2017. “‘News You Don’t Believe’: Audience Perspectives on Fake News.” Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Nielsen%26Graves_factsheet_1710v3_FINAL_download.pdf.

15. Democracy, journalism, and media

Schudson, Michael. 2008. Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press. Cambridge, UK: Polity. (Especially the chapter “Six or Seven Things that Journalism can do for Democracy”)*

Josephi, Beate. 2013. “How Much Democracy Does Journalism Need?” Journalism 14 (4): 474–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884912464172.

Tufekci, Zeynep. 2018. “How Social Media Took Us from Tahrir Square to Donald Trump.” MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/611806/how-social-media-took-us-from-tahrir-square-to-donald-trump/.

Howard, Philip N., and Muzammil M. Hussain. 2011. “The Role of Digital Media.” Journal of Democracy 22 (3): 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2011.0041.

16. Censorship and propaganda

Simon, Joel. 2014. The New Censorship : Inside the Global Battle for Media Freedom. Columbia Journalism Review Books. New York: Columbia University Press.*

Diamond, Larry. 2015. “Facing up to the Democratic Recession.” Journal of Democracy 26 (1): 141–155.

George, Cherian. 2017. Hate Spin: The Manufacture of Religious Offense and Its Threat to Democracy. Reprint edition. MIT Press.

Glasius, Marlies, and Marcus Michaelsen. 2018. “Authoritarian Practices in the Digital Age| Illiberal and Authoritarian Practices in the Digital Sphere.” International Journal of Communication. http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/8899.

17. International/comparative research including examples of work on a specific country (India – more countries below)

Hallin, Daniel C., and Paolo Mancini. 2005. “Comparing Media Systems.” In Mass Media and Society, edited by James Curran and Michael Gurevitch, 4th ed., 215–33. London: Hodder Arnold.*

Voltmer, Katrin. 2013. The Media in Transitional Democracies. Cambridge: Polity.

Jeffrey, Robin. 2000. India’s Newspaper Revolution : Capitalism, Politics and the Indian-Language Press, 1977-99. London: Hurst.

Ninan, Sevanti. 2007. Headlines from the Heartland : Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere. New Delhi: London.

Further suggested readings (not organised by topic)

Journal Articles

Aelst, Peter Van, and Stefaan Walgrave. 2011. “Minimal or Massive? The Political Agenda-Setting Power of the Mass Media According to Different Methods.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 16 (3): 295–313.

Aelst, Peter Van, Jesper Strömbäck, Toril Aalberg, Frank Esser, Claes de Vreese, Jörg Matthes, David Hopmann, et al. 2017. ‘Political Communication in a High-Choice Media Environment: A Challenge for Democracy?’ Annals of the International Communication Association 41 (1): 3–27.

Ananny, Mike, and Kate Crawford. 2016. “Seeing without Knowing: Limitations of the Transparency Ideal and Its Application to Algorithmic Accountability.” New Media & Society, December. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816676645.

Bennett, W. Lance, and Alexandra Segerberg. 2012. “The Logic of Connective Action.” Information, Communication & Society 15 (5): 739–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661.

Boyle, M. P. (2012). Soundbitten: The perils of media-centered political activism. Political Science Quarterly, 127(3), 492-494.

Clerwall, C. (2014). Enter the robot journalist. Journalism Practice, 8(5), 519–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2014.883116

Cohen, N. S. (2015). Entrepreneurial journalism and the precarious state of media work. South Atlantic Quarterly, 114(3), 513-533. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-3130723

Cornia, A., Sehl, A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2018). ‘We no longer live in a time of separation’: A comparative analysis of how editorial and commercial integration became a norm. Journalism, https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918779919

Creech, B., & Nadler, A. M. (2018). Post-industrial fog: Reconsidering innovation in visions of journalism’s future. Journalism, 19(2), 182-199. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1464884916689573

Darling-Wolf, F., & Mendelson, A. L. (2008). Seeing themselves through the lens of the other: An analysis of the cross-cultural production and negotiation of National Geographic’s “The Samurai Way” story. Journalism & Communication Monographs, 10(3), 285-322. https://doi.org/10.1177/152263790801000303

Darnton, R. (1975). Writing news and telling stories. Daedalus, 104(2), 175-194.

Deuze, M. (2005). What is journalism? Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered. Journalism, 6(4), 442-464. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884905056815

Deuze, M., & Witschge, T. (2018). Beyond journalism: Theorizing the transformation of journalism. Journalism, 19(2), 165-181. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1464884916688550

Ekdale, B., Singer, J. B., Tully, M., & Harmsen, S. (2015). Making change: Diffusion of technological, relational, and cultural innovation in the newsroom. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92(4), 938-958. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1077699015596337

Fahmy, S., & Neumann, R. (2012). Shooting war or peace photographs? An examination of newswires’ coverage of the conflict in Gaza (2008-2009). American Behavioral Scientist, 56(2), NP1-NP26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764211419355

Ferrer-Conill, R., & Tandoc, E. C. (2018). The audience-oriented editor. Digital Journalism, 6(4), 436-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1440972

Galtung, J., & Ruge, M. H. (1965). The structure of foreign news: The presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus crises in four Norwegian newspapers. Journal of Peace Research, 2(1), 64-90. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002234336500200104

Gamson, W. A., Croteau, D., Hoynes, W., & Sasson, T. (1992). Media images and the social construction of reality. Annual Review of Sociology, 18(1), 373-393. doi:10.1146/annurev.so.18.080192.002105.

Grafton, A. (2002). How revolutionary was the print revolution? The American Historical Review, 107(1), 84-86. https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/107.1.84

Hanitzsch, T. et al. (2011). Mapping journalism cultures across nations. Journalism Studies, 12(3), 273-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2010.512502

Hanitzsch, T., Van Dalen, A., & Steindl, N. (2017). Caught in the nexus: A comparative and longitudinal analysis of public trust in the press. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217740695

Harcup, T., & O’Neill, D. (2001). What Is news? Galtung and Ruge revisited. Journalism Studies, 2(2), 261-80.

Harcup, Tony, and Deirdre O’Neill. 2017. “What is News? News values revisited (again)” Journalism Studies 18 (12): 1470–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193.

Heise, N., Loosen, W., Reimer, J., & Schmidt, J. H. (2014). Including the audience: Comparing the attitudes and expectations of journalists and users towards participation in German TV news journalism. Journalism Studies, 15(4), 411-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2013.831232

Jungherr, A. (2016). Four functions of digital tools in election campaigns: The German case. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 21(3), 358-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161216642597

Karlsson, M., and Clerwall, C. (2018). Transparency to the rescue?’ Journalism Studies, 19(13), 1923-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1492882

Kormelink, T. G., & Costera Meijer, I. (2017). What clicks actually mean: Exploring digital news user practices. Journalism, 19(5), 668-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916688290

Lamont, M. (2018). Addressing recognition gaps: Destigmatization and the reduction of inequality. American Sociological Review, 83(3), 419-444. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0003122418773775

Lewis, J. (2006). News and the empowerment of citizens. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 9(3), 303-319. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1367549406066075

Lewis, S. C. (2012). The tension between professional control and open participation: Journalism and its boundaries. Information, Communication & Society, 15(6), 836-866. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.674150

Lewis, S. C., Holton, A. E., & Coddington, M. (2014). Reciprocal journalism: A concept of mutual exchange between journalists and audiences. Journalism Practice, 8(2), 229-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2013.859840

Loosen, W., Reimer, J., & De Silva-Schmidt, F. (2017). Data-driven reporting: An on-going (r)evolution? An analysis of projects nominated for the Data Journalism Awards 2013–2016. Journalism. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884917735691

Lück, J., Wozniak, A., & Wessler, H. (2015). Networks of coproduction: How journalists and environmental NGOs create common interpretations of the UN climate change conferences. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 21(1), 25-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161215612204

Macías, R. A. G. (2015). Investigative journalism in Mexico: Between ideals and realities: The case of Morelia. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico. 22(2), 343-359. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/45655299.pdf

Örnebring, H. (2008). The consumer as producer—of what? User-generated tabloid content in The Sun (UK) and Aftonbladet (Sweden). Journalism Studies, 9(5), 771-785. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700802207789

Örnebring, H. (2013). Anything you can do, I can do better? Professional journalists on citizen journalism in six European countries. International Communication Gazette, 75(1), 35-53 https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048512461761

Robinson, S., & Culver, K. B. (2016). When white reporters cover race: News media, objectivity and community (dis)trust. Journalism, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1464884916663599.

Sehl, A., Cornia, A., Graves, L., & Nielsen, R. K. (2018). Newsroom integration as an organizational challenge: Approaches of European public service media from a comparative perspective. Journalism Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1507684

Singer, J. B. (2006). The socially responsible existentialist: A normative emphasis for journalists in a new media environment. Journalism Studies, 7(1), 2-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700500450277

Tambini, D. (2010). What are financial journalists for?. Journalism Studies, 11(2), 158-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700903378661

Turow, Joseph, and Nick Couldry. 2018. “Media as Data Extraction: Towards a New Map of a Transformed Communications Field.” Journal of Communication 68 (2): 415–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx011.

Van Dalen, A. (2012). The algorithms behind the headlines: How machine-written news redefines the core skills of human journalists. Journalism Practice, 6(5-6), 648-658. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.667268

Wahl-Jorgensen, K., et al. (2016). Rethinking balance and impartiality in journalism? How the BBC attempted and failed to change the paradigm. Journalism, 18(7), 781-800. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916648094

Wood, T., & Porter, E. (2016). The elusive backfire effect: Mass attitudes’ steadfast factual adherence. Political Behavior, 1-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2819073

Zelizer, B. (1993). Journalists as interpretive communities. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 10(3), 219-237.

Books and Book Chapters

Alexander, J. C. (2010). The performance of politics: Obama’s victory and the democratic struggle for power. Oxford University Press.

Altemeyer, B. (2018). The authoritarians. Retrieved from https://theauthoritarians.org/

Bowker, G. C., & Star, S. L. (2000). Sorting things out: Classification and its consequences. MIT Press.

Bunce, M., Franks, S., & Paterson, C. (Eds.). (2016). Africa’s media image in the 21st century: From the “Heart of Darkness” to “Africa Rising.” Routledge.

Carpini, M. D. (2004). Mediating democratic engagement: The impact of communications on citizens’ involvement in political and civic life. In L. L. Kaid (Ed.), The handbook of political communication research (pp. 357-394). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Chadwick, Andrew. 2017. The Hybrid Media System: Politics and Power. Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Clark, L. S., & Marchi, R. (2017). Young people and the future of news: Social media and the rise of connective journalism. Cambridge University Press (Chapter 3)

Daston, L. J., & Galison, P. (2007). Objectivity. MIT Press.

De Maupassant, G. (1885). Bel-Ami. Paris: Victor Havard.

Ettema, J. S., Glasser, T. L., & Glasser, T. (1998). Custodians of conscience: Investigative journalism and public virtue. Columbia University Press. (All but chapter 3)

Evans, H. (2017). Do I make myself clear?: Why writing well matters. London: Little, Brown.

Frankfurt, H. G. (2009). On bullshit. Princeton University Press.

Gillespie, Tarleton. 2018. Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decisions That Shape Social Media. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Gitlin, T. (2003). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing media systems: Three models of media and politics. Cambridge University Press.

Harris, R. (1994). The media trilogy. London: Faber & Faber.

Hermida, Alfred. 2014. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: Doubleday Canada.

Hersh, E. D. (2015). Hacking the electorate: How campaigns perceive voters. Cambridge University Press.

Iyengar, S., & McGrady, J. A.  (2007). Media politics, A citizen’s guide. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. (Chapter 4)

Jenkins, H., Ford, S., & Green, J. (2013). Spreadable media: Creating value and meaning in a networked culture. NYU Press. (Chapter 4)

Joseph, A. (2005). Making news: Women in journalism (2nd ed.). Penguin Books India.

Joseph, A., & Sharma, K. (Eds.). (2006). Whose news? The media and women’s issues (2nd ed.). Sage.

Kovach, B., & Rosenstiel, T. (2014). The elements of journalism: What newspeople should know and the public should expect. California: Three Rivers Press.

Kraidy, Marwan M. 2017. The Naked Blogger of Cairo: Creative Insurgency in the Arab World. Reprint edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

MacKinnon, Rebecca. 2013. Consent of the Networked: The Worldwide Struggle For Internet Freedom. Reprint edition. New York: Basic Books.

McChesney, R. W. (2013). Digital disconnect: How capitalism is turning the Internet against democracy. The New Press. (Chapters 4-5)

O’Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction. London: Penguin Random House.

Orwell, G. (1949). Nineteen eighty-four. London: Martin Secker & Warburg Ltd.

Palmer, R. (2017). Becoming the news: How ordinary people respond to the media spotlight. Columbia University Press.

Pearlstine, N. (2007). Off the record: The press, the government, and the war over anonymous sources. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.

Peters, C., & Broersma, M. (Eds.). (2016). Rethinking journalism again: Societal role and public relevance in a digital age. Taylor & Francis.

Porter, T. M. (1996). Trust in numbers: The pursuit of objectivity in science and public life. Princeton University Press.

Repnikova, Maria. 2018. Media Politics in China: Improvising Power under Authoritarianism. Cambridge University Press.

Rosen, J. (1997). Introduction: “We’ll Have That Conversation”: Journalism and Democracy in the Thought of James W. Carey. In Munson E. & Warren C. (Eds.), James Carey: A critical reader (pp. 191-206). University of Minnesota Press.

Roudakova, Natalia. 2017. Losing Pravda: Ethics and The Press in Post-Truth Russia. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Rusbridger, A. (2018). Breaking news: The remaking of journalism and why it matters now. London: Canon Gate.

Salganik, M. (2017). Observing behavior. In Salganik, M. J. (Ed.), Bit by bit: Social research in the digital age (pp. 13-83). New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Sharma, K. (Ed.). (2010). Missing: Half the story: Journalism as if gender matters. New Delhi: Zubaan.

Silverstone, R. (2006). Media and morality: On the rise of the mediapolis. Policy. (Chapter 2: Mediapolis or the Space of Appearance)

Singer, Jane B., David Domingo, Ari Heinonen, Alfred Hermida, Steve Paulussen, Thorsten Quandt, Zvi Reich, and Marina Vujnovic. 2011. Participatory Journalism : Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

Sontag, S. (2003). Regarding the pain of others. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.

Steele, Janet. 2018. Mediating Islam: Cosmopolitan Journalisms in Muslim Southeast Asia. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Storsul, T., & Krumsvik, A. H. (Eds.) (2013). Media innovations: A multidisciplinary study of change. Nordicom. (Chapter 1)

Tuchman, G. (1997). The symbolic annihilation of women by the mass media. In O. Boyd-Barrett & C. Newbold (Eds.), Approaches to media: A reader (pp. 406-410). London: St. Martin’s Press.

Van Zoonen, L. (2002). One of the girls?: The changing gender of journalism. In C. Carter, G. A. Branston, & S. Allan (Eds.), News, gender and power (pp. 45-58). Routledge.

 

Conference Papers

Duffy, M., Thorson, E., & Vultee, F. (2009, August). Advocating advocacy: Acknowledging and teaching journalism as persuasion. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Boston, MA.

Work Published in the mainstream media, Medium and blogs

Hofstadter, R. (1964, November). The paranoid style in American politics. Harper’s Magazine. Retrieved from https://harpers.org/archive/1964/11/the-paranoid-style-in-american-politics/

Lakoff, G. (2016). Understanding Trump. GeorgeLakoff.com. Retrieved from https://georgelakoff.com/2016/07/23/understanding-trump-2/

O’Neill, O. (2002). Reith Lectures on “A Question of Trust.” Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/reith2002/lectures.shtml

Ripley, A. (2018, 27 June). Complicating the narratives. Medium. Retrieved from https://thewholestory.solutionsjournalism.org/complicating-the-narratives-b91ea06ddf63

Tufekci, Z. (2018, 6 April). Why Zuckerberg’s 14-year apology tour hasn’t fixed Facebook. Wired. Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/story/why-zuckerberg-15-year-apology-tour-hasnt-fixed-facebook/

Reports

Graefe, A. (2016). Guide to automated journalism. Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia Journalism School, New York City. Retrieved from https://towcenter.org/research/guide-to-automated-journalism/

Hofseth, A. (2016, July). Make yourself useful: Six simple things your newsroom can do for democracy. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Retrieved from https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-research/make-yourself-useful-six-simple-things-your-newsroom-can-do-democracy

Marwick, A., & Lewis, R. (2017). Media manipulation and disinformation online.  Data & Society. Retrieved from http://www.chinhnghia.com/DataAndSociety_MediaManipulationAndDisinformationOnline.pdf

Phillips, W. (2018). The Oxygen of Amplification. Data & Society. Retrieved from https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/2-PART-2_Oxygen_of_Amplification_DS.pdf

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