I am thrilled to announced that «Putin’s Europe» is out My contribution is about Russia’s Geopolitical and Geoeconomic Warfare. Moscow’s multifaceted strategy revolves around three intertwined fundamentals: an overt military invasion of Ukraine; a non-kinetic warfare to erode Western principles, norms, and standards; and a geoeconomic offensive, utilising commodity manipulation as a weapon against the European economic model.

The visible, but more important invisible erosion of Western values, norms, and standards presents a direct threat to the EU’s internal security framework. By subverting the foundational principles upon which the Union was built, this aspect of the clash could gradually erode the Union’s integrity from within. Simultaneously, the geoeconomic warfare poses a substantial threat to the EU’s external security, placing Europe in a precarious position amidst the volatile fluctuations of an increasingly complex global scene.