Oct 22nd 2024

THERE IS A lot to like about Portugal. Tourists are drawn to its pleasant climate, charming architecture and beautiful beaches. With fast internet and relatively relaxed immigration rules, it is also becoming a popular destination for mobile talent. As populations age, there is growing competition worldwide for skilled young migrants, and countries such as Portugal are working hard to attract them. We created a ranking of 74 countries and territories to assess how appealing they are to these mobile workers. Call it the footloose index.

The index is based on simple maths: what would be the net change in a country’s graduate population if footloose graduates could come and go as they pleased? To find the answer we analysed data from the Gallup World Poll, an annual survey of around 150,000 people from more than 150 countries and territories. The survey asks if people want to move abroad and, if so, where. As a proxy for talent, we considered only respondents who said they had completed an undergraduate degree.

By our estimates, between 2010-12 and 2021-23 the share of the world’s graduates who would like to move to Portugal tripled—the largest increase of any country in the footloose index (see chart 1). Our calculations show that in 2010-12, if all barriers to moving had been dropped, Portugal’s graduate population would have increased by just 1%. But survey data from 2021-23 show that it would swell by 120%, a gain of 1.8m. Other countries in southern Europe have also become much more attractive to footloose talent. Between 2010-12 and 2021-23 the number of graduates that Italy would gain on net grew by a factor of six, to roughly 3m. And Greece went from losing educated people to potentially gaining around 400,000 of them.

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