The Elcano Royal Institute once again publishes its annual edition of the collective work analysing the outlook for the international context and the short-term challenges for Spanish foreign policy. In 2025, global dynamics will be shaped by the continuity of the war in Ukraine, upheavals in the Middle East, and the return of Donald Trump to the White House with his disruptive agenda, which could complicate transatlantic relations and intensify the confrontation with China.
A new legislative term is beginning in the EU, facing the significant challenge of adapting Europe to new technological, energy, and geopolitical realities, all within a context of eroding pro-European coalitions and political changes in Germany and France. In 2025, Spain’s foreign policy will be marked by the desire to lead in strategic areas such as Latin America, migration, the Mediterranean, and the European budget, while being influenced by intense internal polarisation.
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